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On entend souvent dire qu’il faut faire attention au gras pour être en bonne santé. Oui, mais le gras n’est pas pour autant à bannir de son alimentation. Notre corps ainsi que notre organisme en ont besoin pour leur bon fonctionnement. Pour y voir plus clair et savoir quel gras est bon pour la santé, intéressons nous aux acides gras. Qu’est-ce c’est exactement ? Quels sont les différents types que l’on peut trouver et quels sont leurs effets sur notre organisme ?
Par définition, un acide gras est est “une famille de molécules lipidiques, qui renferme notamment les oméga-3 et les oméga-6” (source : https://www.futura-sciences.com/). Ainsi, les acides gras sont les principaux composants des lipides, également appelés corps gras. Bien qu’il ait longtemps été considéré comme mauvais pour la ligne et la santé, le gras est nécessaire au bon fonctionnement de notre organisme. Cependant, il y a le “bon gras” et le “mauvais gras”. Pour mieux comprendre, voyons les différents acides gras existants et leur rôle ainsi que leur impact sur notre corps.
Le corps humain est en capacité de fabriquer lui-même les acides gras dont il a besoin pour son bon fonctionnement, excepté les acides gras essentiels. Il s’agit des omégas 3 et 6 qui correspondent aux polyinsaturés. Parmi les acides gras insaturés, on distingue également les mono insaturés, qui ne sont autre que les omégas 9. Les insaturés sont le type d’acide gras qu’il est recommandé de privilégier dans son alimentation. Ils présentent en effet de nombreux bienfaits sur l’organisme : ils réduisent le taux de mauvais cholestérol et augmentent le taux du bon, diminuent les risques de maladie cardiovasculaire et participent à la bonne santé de l’épiderme. Les acides gras insaturés sont également fortement recommandés aux femmes enceintes car ils jouent un rôle important dans le développement cérébral du fœtus.
Ce type d’acide gras provient de notre alimentation. On en trouve essentiellement dans les huiles végétales comme l’huile d’olive et l’huile de tournesol, les poissons gras tels que le saumon, la sardine et le thon ainsi que diverses graines.
Principalement issus des graisses d’origine animale, les acides gras saturés peuvent être une véritable source d’énergie à notre corps. Cela est valable à condition qu’ils soient consommés en quantité raisonnable. En cas d’excès, les fonctions cardiovasculaires de l’organisme peuvent être amoindries et la prise de poids favorisée. On retrouve les acides gras saturés dans le beurre, le fromage, la charcuterie mais aussi quelques huiles végétales telles que l’huile de palme et l’huile de coco.
Également appelées graisses hydrogénées, ils ont été scientifiquement créés par l’industrie agroalimentaire dans le but d’augmenter la tolérance et la durée de conservation de certains corps gras tels que les huiles végétales et les margarines. Bien que s’ils sont consommés en petites quantités, et de manière non régulière, les acides gras trans n'ont pas d’impact direct sur la santé, ils sont tout de même déconseillés. En effet, en cas de surconsommation, ils peuvent venir altérer le bon fonctionnement du cœur et boucher les vaisseaux sanguins.
Pour un corps en bonne santé avec un organisme qui fonctionne correctement, l’important est d’avoir un bon équilibre entre l’apport des différents acides gras. Certains étant bien sûr à favoriser par rapport à d’autres, tels que les acides gras essentiels.
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