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Dans l’univers du cosmétique, la tendance est au naturel. Mais qu'entend t'on par naturel ? En regardant la composition d’un cosmétique, on peut avoir quelques surprises quant aux ingrédients. Pour être sûr de ce que vous achetez et utilisez en cosmétique, il est important de comprendre la différence entre un ingrédient naturel et un ingrédient synthétique ainsi que leurs utilisations.
Par définition, un ingrédient naturel est une substance produite par la nature dont l’origine peut être minérale, végétale ou encore animale et qui n’a subi aucune transformation (source : https://www.economie.gouv.fr/..). On peut par exemple nommer l’eau, le lait et le miel. Ce sont des ingrédients naturels dont seule une action mécanique d’extraction a été nécessaire pour les utiliser dans un cosmétique bio.
Un ingrédient naturel n’est cependant pas à confondre avec un ingrédient d’origine naturel. En effet, lorsque l’on dit d’une substance qu’elle est d’origine naturelle, cela signifie qu’elle a subi une transformation légère dans le but d’extraire un élément précis de l’ingrédient naturel.
Tout ingrédient synthétique provient de la pétrochimie. Cela veut dire qu’il est issu d’un procédé chimique d’un dérivé du pétrole. Un ingrédient synthétique est tout bonnement une substance obtenue à la suite d'une transformation chimique lourde. Il s’agit, par exemple, des parabènes, sulfates et silicones que l’on peut trouver dans certains cosmétiques. Attention à ne pas confondre chimique et synthétique. Un ingrédient synthétique est forcément créé par une intervention de l’Homme alors qu’une réaction chimique peut tout à fait être naturelle (ex : la vitamine C).
À savoir que pour obtenir un label bio et être considéré comme un cosmétique naturel, le produit fini doit être constitué d’au moins 95% d’ingrédients d’origine naturelle. Ensuite, pour faire son choix en toute connaissance de cause, zoom sur les avantages et les inconvénients entre un ingrédient naturel et un ingrédient synthétique ?
N’ayant subi aucune transformation, l’ingrédient apporte l’ensemble de ses bienfaits en l’état à votre peau et respecte votre corps. Sa dégradation n’a aucune répercussion sur l’environnement. Le coût d’un ingrédient naturel est souvent plus élevé que son homologue synthétique. Une forte demande peut entraîner une surexploitation de l’ingrédient concerné.
La production étant moins onéreuse, le prix de vente du produit fini est généralement moins cher qu’un cosmétique à base d’ingrédients naturels. Chaque actif peut être dosé de manière très précise. Un produit formulé à base d’ingrédients synthétiques pénètre plus difficilement dans la peau et peut entraîner certaines réactions. Sa dégradation peut potentiellement polluer la faune et/ou la flore.
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